تعیین مسئولیت بیشتر برای تولید کننده بعنوان ابزاری در مدیریت پسماندهای الکترونیکی در سوئد
Extended producer responsibility as a tool for management of
electronic waste in Sweden
نمونه ای از پایان نامه های کارشناسی ارشد ویرایش شده
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Environmental problems caused by modern technology and lifestyle are big concerns all over the world especially in advanced countries who are responsible for producing large amount of high tech products. Annual production of different electric and electronic products around the world is increasing exponentially and at the same time the amount of produced waste is alarming. International community has faced many challenges in recent times until a compromise between development and conservation of environment is realized.
Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR) is in the core of the recent legal frameworks laid down for dealing with such challenges. This new approach has a new point of view in the life cycle of products. EPR attempts to reduce the source exploitation; avoid the production of waste in the first place and provide incentives for producers to design more environmentally compatible products. EPR can be applied for different product groups and has successfully been performed in some industrialized countries around the world.
This study seeks to find the main producer responsibilities for electronic waste in Sweden; identify actors in the e-waste management system in Sweden and the interaction of these actors; find the advantages and disadvantages of this EPR system in place; find how existing EPR program for management of WEEE in Sweden can be improved from environmental and economic point of view.
In this study, five different retailers of cellphones were interviewed for understanding the routine process of disposal of waste electronics and more specifically end-of-life cellphones in the town of Östersund in Sweden. Retailers lead the author to other actors and it is understood that main actors are manufacturers of the cellphones, El-kretsen company, retailers in Östersund, collection centers and recycling factories. There are financial and physical responsibilities for these actors to bear.
A system of collective responsibility, some interaction between the actors, inspection by independent actors plus regular reporting and finally the methods to make and keep citizens aware are among advantages of this EPR system.
For even a more productive EPR system there can be some more effective methods for auditing the EPR system, make public more aware and some harder rules for producers to make more environmentally friendly products.
Key words: Extended Producer Responsibility, life cycle approach, waste electronics
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